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        <li><a href="#实例">实例</a></li>
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    <li><a href="#实例-1">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-2">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#使用python发送html格式的邮件">使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-3">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#python-发送带附件的邮件">Python 发送带附件的邮件</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-4">实例</a></li>
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    <li><a href="#实例-5">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#使用第三方-smtp-服务发送">使用第三方 SMTP 服务发送</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
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            <h1 class="post-title">Python3SMTP发送邮件</h1>
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        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月15日
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            <h1 id="python3-smtp发送邮件">Python3 SMTP发送邮件</h1>
<p>SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。</p>
<p>python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。</p>
<p>Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下：</p>
<pre><code>import smtplib

smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
</code></pre><p>参数说明：</p>
<ul>
<li>host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:runoob.com，这个是可选参数。</li>
<li>port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号，一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。</li>
<li>local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上，你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。</li>
</ul>
<p>Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件，语法如下：</p>
<pre><code>SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
</code></pre><p>参数说明：</p>
<ul>
<li>from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。</li>
<li>to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。</li>
<li>msg: 发送消息</li>
</ul>
<p>这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。</p>
<h3 id="实例">实例</h3>
<p>以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例：</p>
<h2 id="实例-1">实例</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="color:#75715e">#!/usr/bin/python3</span>
 
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> smtplib
<span style="color:#f92672">from</span> email.mime.text <span style="color:#f92672">import</span> MIMEText
<span style="color:#f92672">from</span> email.header <span style="color:#f92672">import</span> Header
 
sender <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;from@runoob.com&#39;</span>
receivers <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> [<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;429240967@qq.com&#39;</span>]  <span style="color:#75715e"># 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱</span>
 
<span style="color:#75715e"># 三个参数：第一个为文本内容，第二个 plain 设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码</span>
message <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> MIMEText(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;Python 邮件发送测试...&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;plain&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span>)
message[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;From&#39;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Header(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;菜鸟教程&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span>)     <span style="color:#75715e"># 发送者</span>
message[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;To&#39;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span>  Header(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;测试&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span>)          <span style="color:#75715e"># 接收者</span>
 
subject <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;Python SMTP 邮件测试&#39;</span>
message[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;Subject&#39;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Header(subject, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span>)
 
 
<span style="color:#66d9ef">try</span>:
    smtpObj <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> smtplib<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>SMTP(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;localhost&#39;</span>)
    smtpObj<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>sendmail(sender, receivers, message<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>as_string())
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">print</span> (<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;邮件发送成功&#34;</span>)
<span style="color:#66d9ef">except</span> smtplib<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>SMTPException:
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">print</span> (<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Error: 无法发送邮件&#34;</span>)
</code></pre></div><p>我们使用三个引号来设置邮件信息，标准邮件需要三个头部信息： <strong>From</strong>, <strong>To</strong>, 和 <strong>Subject</strong> ，每个信息直接使用空行分割。</p>
<p>我们通过实例化 smtplib 模块的 SMTP 对象 <em>smtpObj</em> 来连接到 SMTP 访问，并使用 <em>sendmail</em> 方法来发送信息。</p>
<p>执行以上程序，如果你本机安装sendmail，就会输出：</p>
<pre><code>$ python3 test.py 
邮件发送成功
</code></pre><p>查看我们的收件箱(一般在垃圾箱)，就可以查看到邮件信息：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp1.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp1.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>如果我们本机没有 sendmail 访问，也可以使用其他服务商的 SMTP 访问（QQ、网易、Google等）。</p>
<h2 id="实例-2">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
# 第三方 SMTP 服务
mail_host=&quot;smtp.XXX.com&quot;  #设置服务器
mail_user=&quot;XXXX&quot;    #用户名
mail_pass=&quot;XXXXXX&quot;   #口令 
 
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header(&quot;菜鸟教程&quot;, 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header(&quot;测试&quot;, 'utf-8')
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP() 
    smtpObj.connect(mail_host, 25)    # 25 为 SMTP 端口号
    smtpObj.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print (&quot;邮件发送成功&quot;)
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print (&quot;Error: 无法发送邮件&quot;)
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="使用python发送html格式的邮件">使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件</h2>
<p>Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：</p>
<h2 id="实例-3">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
mail_msg = &quot;&quot;&quot;
&lt;p&gt;Python 邮件发送测试...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luckly.work&quot;&gt;这是一个链接&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&quot;&quot;&quot;
message = MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header(&quot;菜鸟教程&quot;, 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header(&quot;测试&quot;, 'utf-8')
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print (&quot;邮件发送成功&quot;)
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print (&quot;Error: 无法发送邮件&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上程序，如果你本机安装sendmail，就会输出：</p>
<pre><code>$ python3 test.py 
邮件发送成功
</code></pre><p>查看我们的收件箱(一般在垃圾箱)，就可以查看到邮件信息：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp2.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp2.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<hr>
<h2 id="python-发送带附件的邮件">Python 发送带附件的邮件</h2>
<p>发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。</p>
<h2 id="实例-4">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
#创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = Header(&quot;菜鸟教程&quot;, 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header(&quot;测试&quot;, 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
#邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
 
# 构造附件1，传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1[&quot;Content-Type&quot;] = 'application/octet-stream'
# 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
att1[&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;] = 'attachment; filename=&quot;test.txt&quot;'
message.attach(att1)
 
# 构造附件2，传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
att2 = MIMEText(open('runoob.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att2[&quot;Content-Type&quot;] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2[&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;] = 'attachment; filename=&quot;runoob.txt&quot;'
message.attach(att2)
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print (&quot;邮件发送成功&quot;)
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print (&quot;Error: 无法发送邮件&quot;)
</code></pre><pre><code>$ python3 test.py 
邮件发送成功
</code></pre><p>查看我们的收件箱(一般在垃圾箱)，就可以查看到邮件信息：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp3.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp3.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<hr>
<h2 id="在-html-文本中添加图片">在 HTML 文本中添加图片</h2>
<p>邮件的 HTML 文本中一般邮件服务商添加外链是无效的，正确添加图片的实例如下所示：</p>
<h2 id="实例-5">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['From'] = Header(&quot;菜鸟教程&quot;, 'utf-8')
msgRoot['To'] =  Header(&quot;测试&quot;, 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
 
 
mail_msg = &quot;&quot;&quot;
&lt;p&gt;Python 邮件发送测试...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luckly.work&quot;&gt;菜鸟教程链接&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;图片演示：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;cid:image1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&quot;&quot;&quot;
msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
 
# 指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('test.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
 
# 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '&lt;image1&gt;')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
    print (&quot;邮件发送成功&quot;)
except smtplib.SMTPException:
</code></pre><pre><code>$ python3 test.py 
邮件发送成功
</code></pre><p>查看我们的收件箱(如果在垃圾箱可能需要移动到收件箱才可正常显示)，就可以查看到邮件信息：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp4.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/smtp4.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<hr>
<h2 id="使用第三方-smtp-服务发送">使用第三方 SMTP 服务发送</h2>
<p>这里使用了 QQ 邮箱(你也可以使用 163，Gmail等)的 SMTP 服务，需要做以下配置：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/qqmail-set2.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/qqmail-set2.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>QQ 邮箱通过生成授权码来设置密码：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/qqmail-set.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/qqmail-set.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>QQ 邮箱 SMTP 服务器地址：smtp.qq.com，ssl 端口：465。</p>
<p>以下实例你需要修改：发件人邮箱（你的QQ邮箱），密码，收件人邮箱（可发给自己）。</p>
<h2 id="qq-smtp">QQ SMTP</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
 
my_sender='429240967@qq.com'    # 发件人邮箱账号
my_pass = 'xxxxxxxxxx'              # 发件人邮箱密码
my_user='429240967@qq.com'      # 收件人邮箱账号，我这边发送给自己
def mail():
    ret=True
    try:
        msg=MIMEText('填写邮件内容','plain','utf-8')
        msg['From']=formataddr([&quot;FromRunoob&quot;,my_sender])  # 括号里的对应发件人邮箱昵称、发件人邮箱账号
        msg['To']=formataddr([&quot;FK&quot;,my_user])              # 括号里的对应收件人邮箱昵称、收件人邮箱账号
        msg['Subject']=&quot;菜鸟教程发送邮件测试&quot;                # 邮件的主题，也可以说是标题
 
        server=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(&quot;smtp.qq.com&quot;, 465)  # 发件人邮箱中的SMTP服务器，端口是25
        server.login(my_sender, my_pass)  # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码
        server.sendmail(my_sender,[my_user,],msg.as_string())  # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、收件人邮箱账号、发送邮件
        server.quit()  # 关闭连接
    except Exception:  # 如果 try 中的语句没有执行，则会执行下面的 ret=False
        ret=False
    return ret
 
ret=mail()
if ret:
    print(&quot;邮件发送成功&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;邮件发送失败&quot;)
</code></pre><pre><code>$ python test.py 
邮件发送成功
</code></pre><p>发送成功后，登陆收件人邮箱即可查看：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/423C9FDF-EBC5-4115-8D16-0046B5E05DBC.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/423C9FDF-EBC5-4115-8D16-0046B5E05DBC.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>更多内容请参阅：https://docs.python.org/3/library/email-examples.html。</p>

        </div>

        
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